HOWARU library - NCFM

NCFM, NCK56, NCK45, N2, RL8KR, RL8KS and RL8K are essentially identical strains, as indicated by identical chromosomal DNA fragment patterns.  N2 was selected by Marschall Products from NCFM as a smooth, bile resistant colony.  RL8KS was selected similarly in Dr. Todd Klaenhammer's laboratory from parent culture RL8K.  NCK45 is a Klaenhammer laboratory designation for NCFM, and NCK56 is a Klaenhammer laboratory designation for NCFM/N2.

General Reviews

Anonymous 2005 .Bugs CV. Microbiologist 6:36

Klaenhammer, T.,  E. Altermann, F. Arigoni, A. Bolotin, F. Breidt, J. Broadbent, R. Cano, S. Chaillou, J. Deutscher, M. Gasson, M. van de Guchte, J. Guzzo, A. Hartke, T. Hawkins, P. Hols, R. Hutkins, M. Kleerebezem, J. Kok, O. Kuipers, M. Lubbers, E. Maguin, L. McKay, D. Mills, A. Nauta, R. Overbeek, H. Pel, D. Pridmore, M. Saier, D.  van Sinderen, A. Sorokin, J. Steele, D. O’Sullivan, W. de Vos, B. Weimer, M. Zagorec, and R. Siezen. 2002. Discovering lactic acid bacteria by genomics.  Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 82: 59-71.

Sanders, M. E. and T. R. Klaenhammer. 2001.  The scientific basis of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM functionality as a probiotic.  J. Dairy Sci. 84:319-331.

Klaenhammer, T. R., M. J. Kullen. 1999.  Selection and design of probiotics.  Intl. J. Food Micro.  50:45-57.

Reid, G.  1999.  The scientific basis for probiotic strains of Lactobacillus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65:3763-3766.

Schauss, A. G.  1990.  Lactobacillus acidophilus: method of action, clinical application, and toxicity data.  J. Adv. Med. 3:163-178.

Adherence

Buck, B.L., Altermann, E., Svingerud, T., and T.R. Klaenhammer. 2005. Functional analysis of putative adhesion factors in Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71:8344-8351.

Greene, J. D., and T. R. Klaenhammer.  1994.  Factors involved in adherence of lactobacilli to human Caco-2 cells.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60: 4487-4494.

Hood, S. K. and E. A. Zottola.  1987.  Electron microscopic study of the adherence properties of Lactobacillus acidophilus.  J. Food Sci. 52:791-805.

Kleeman, E.G. and T. R. Klaenhammer.  1982.  Adherence of Lactobacillus species to human fetal intestinal cells.  J. Dairy Sci. 65:2063-2069.

Anti-Candida Effect

Anti-Carcinogenic Effect

Varcoe, J. J., G. Krejcarek, F. Busta, and L. Brady. 2003. Prophylactic feeding of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM to mice attenuates overt colonic hyperplasia. J. Food Prot. 66:457-65.

Rao, C. V., M. E. Sanders, C. Indranie, B. Simi, and B. S. Reddy. 1999. Prevention of colonic preneoplastic lesions by the probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM™ in F344 rats.  Int. J. Oncol. 14:939-944.

Goldin, B. R. and S. L. Gorbach.  1984.  The effect of milk and lactobacillus feeding on human intestinal bacterial enzyme activity.  Amer. J. Clin. Nutr. 39:756-761.

Goldin, B. R. and S. L. Gorbach.  1984.  The effect of oral administration of Lactobacillus and antibiotics on intestinal bacterial activity and chemical induction of large bowel tumors.  Dev. Indus. Microbiol. 25:139-150.

Goldin, B. R. and S. L. Gorbach.  1984.  Alterations of the intestinal microflora by diet, oral antibiotics, and Lactobacillus: decreased production of free amines from aromatic nitro compounds, azo dyes, and glucuronides.  J. Nat. Cancer Instit. 73:689-695.

Goldin, B. R., L. Swenson, J. Dwyer, M Sexton, and S. Gorbach.  1980.  Effect of diet and Lactobacillus acidophilus supplements on human fecal bacterial enzymes.  J. Natl. Cancer Instit. 64:255-261.

Goldin, B. R. and S. L. Gorbach.  1980.  Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus dietary supplements on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride-induced intestinal cancer in rats.  J. Nat. Cancer Instit. 64:263-265.

Goldin, B. and S. L. Gorbach.  1977.  Alterations in fecal microflora enzymes related to diet, age, lactobacillus supplements, and dimethylhydrazine.  Cancer 40:2421-2426.

Anti-pain

Lactobacillus acidophilus modulates intestinal pain and induces opioid and cannabinoid receptors

Christel Rousseaux, Xavier Thuru, Agathe Gelot, Nicolas Barnich, Christel Neut, Laurent Dubuquoy, Caroline Dubuquoy, Emilie Merour, Karen Geboes, Mathias Chamaillard, Arthur Ouwehand, Greg Leyer, Didier Carcano, Jean-Frédéric Colombel, Denis Ardid & Pierre Desreumaux

Bacteriocins and/or Antimicrobial Activity

Glass, M.D., Courtney, P.D., LeJeune, J.T., and L.A. Ward. 2004. Effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus and  Lactobacillus reuteri cell-free supernatants on Cryptosporidium viability and infectivity in vitro. Food Microbiol. 21:423-429.

Allison, G. E. and T. R. Klaenhammer. 1996. Functional analysis of the gene encoding immunity to lactacin F, lafI, and its use as a Lactobacillus-specific, food-grade genetic marker. Appl Environ Microbiol. 62:4450-4460. 

Barefoot, S. F., C. G. Nettles, and Y. R. Chen.  1994.  Lactacin B, a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus, p. 353-376.  In L. De Vuyst and E. J. Vandamme (ed.), Bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria.  Blackie Academic and Professional, London.

Barefoot, S. F., Y.-R. Chen, T. A. Hughes, A. B. Bodine, M. Y. Shearer, and M. D. Hughes.  1994.  Identification and purification of a protein that induces production of the Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteriocin lactacin B.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:3522-3528. 

Klaenhammer, T. R., C. Fremaux, C. Ahn, and K. Milton. 1992.  Molecular biology of bacteriocins produced by Lactobacillus.  In Bacteriocins and Lactic Acid Bacteria, D. Hoover & L. Steenson (eds), Academic Press, NY, pp 151-180.

Nettles, C. G. 1992. Purification and amino acid composition of the Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteriocin, lactacin B. Ph.D. dissertation. Clemson University, Clemson, SC.

Ferreira, C.L. and S. E. Gilliland. 1988. Bacteriocin involved in premature death of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM during growth at pH 6. J Dairy Sci. 71:306-315. 

Barefoot, S. F. and T. R. Klaenhammer.  1984.  Purification and characterization of the Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteriocin lactacin B.  Antimicrob. Agents Chemotherapy 26:328-334. 

Barefoot, S. F. and T. R. Klaenhammer.  1983.  Detection and activity of lactacin B, a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 45:1808-1815. 

Gilliland, S. E. and M. L. Speck.  1977.  Antagonistic action of Lactobacillus acidophilus toward intestinal and foodborne pathogens in associative cultures.  J. Food Protect. 40:820-823.

Cholesterol Lowering

Walker, D. K. and S. E. Gilliland.  1993.  Relationships among bile tolerance, bile salt deconjugation, and assimilation of cholesterol by Lactobacillus acidophilus.  J. Dairy Sci. 76:956-961.

Noh, D. O. and S. E. Gilliland. 1993. Influence of bile on cellular integrity and beta-galactosidase activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus. J Dairy Sci. 76:1253-1259. 

Gilliland, S. E. and D. K. Walker. 1990.  Factors to consider when selecting a culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus as a dietary adjunct to produce a hypocholesterolemic effect in humans.  J. Dairy Sci. 73:905-911.

Gilliland, S. E., C. R. Nelson, and C. Maxwell.  1985.  Assimilation of cholesterol by Lactobacillus acidophilus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 49:377-381.

Thompson, L. U., D. J. A. Jenkins, M. A. V. Amer, R. Reichert, A. Jenking and J. Kamulsky.  1982.  The effect of fermented and unfermented milks on serum cholesterol.  Amer. J. Clin. Nutr. 36:1106-1111.

Genetics

Altermann, E., Russell, W.M., Azcarate-Peril, M.A., Barrangou, R., Buck, B.L., McAuliffe, O., Souther, N., Duong, T., Callanan, M., Lick, S., Hamrick, A., Cano, R., and T.R. Klaenhammer. 2005. Complete genome sequence of the probiotic lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102:3609-3612.

McAuliffe, O., Cano, R.J., and T.R. Klaenhammer. 2005. Genetic analysis of two bile salt hydrolase activities in Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71:4925-4929.

Altermann, E., Buck, B.L., Cano, R., and T.R. Klaenhammer. 2004. Identification and phenotypic characterization of the cell-division protein CdpA. Gene 342:198-197.

Bruno-Barcena, J.M., Andrus, J.M., Libby, S.L., Klaenhammer, T.R., and H.M. Hassan.  2004.  Expression of a heterologous manganese superoxide dismutase gene in intestinal Lactobacilli provides protection against hydrogen peroxide toxicity.  2004.  70(8): 4702-4710.

Russell, W.M., and T.R. Klaenhammer. 2001.  An efficient system for directed integration into the Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus gasseri chromosome via homologous recombination.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67:4361-4364.

Kullen, M. and T. R. Klaenhammer. 1999.  Identification of the pH-inducible, proton-translocating F1F0-ATPase (atpBEFHAGDC) operon of Lactobacillus acidophilus by differential display: gene structure, cloning and characterization.  Mol. Microbiol.  33:1152-1161.

Walker, D. C. and T. R. Klaenhammer. 1996.  Electrotransformation of Lactobacillus acidophilus group A1.  FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 138:233-237.

Luchansky, J. B., M. C. Tennant, and T. R. Klaenhammer.  1991.  Molecular cloning and DNA polymorphisms in Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus gasseri.  J. Dairy Sci. 74: 3293-3302.

Kumar R, Garg SK, Singh DT, Singh SP, Mital BK. 1994. Evidence for the presence of plasmids in four therapeutically important strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus. Lett Appl Microbiol. 19:188-191.

Immune System Modulation

Foligné, B., Grangette, C., and B. Pot. 2005. Probiotics in IBD: mucosal and systemic routes of administration may promote similar effects. Gut. 54:727-728.

Wagner, R. D., C. Pierson, T. Warner, M. Dohnalek, M. Hilty and E. Balish. 2000. Probiotic effects of feeding heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei to Candida albicans-colonized immunodeficient mice. J Food Prot. 63:638-644.

Tejada-Simon, M. V., J. H. Lee, Z. Ustunol and J. J. Pestka. 1999. Ingestion of yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium to potentiate immunoglobulin A responses to cholera toxin in mice. J. Dairy Sci. 82:649-660.

S layer protein A of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM regulates immature dendritic cell and T cell functions

Improved Lactose Digestion

Montes, R. G., T. M. Bayless, J. M. Saavedra and J. A. Perman.  1995.  Effect of milks inoculated with Lactobacillus acidophilus or a yogurt starter culture in lactose-maldigesting children.  J. Dairy Sci. 78:1657-1664.

Nielsen, J. W. and S. E. Gilliland.  1992. The lactose hydrolyzing enzyme from Lactobacillus acidophilus.  Cult. Dairy Prod. J. 27:20-28.

Lin, M.-Y, D. Savaiano, and S. Harlander.  1991.  Influence of nonfermented dairy products containing bacterial starter cultures on lactose maldigestion in humans.  J. Dairy Sci. 74:87-95.

Rao, D. R., S. O. Alabi, and C. B. Chawan.  1991.  Temporal changes of lactase activity in the gastrointestinal tract of rats fed yogurt and sweet acidophilus milk.  Milchwissenschaft 46:219-222.

McDonough, F. E., A. D. Hitchins, N. P. Wong, P. Wells, and C. E. Bodwell.  1987.  Modification of sweet acidophilus milk to improve utilization by lactose-intolerant persons.  Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 45:570-574.

Savaiano, D. A., D. A. G. AbouElAnouar, D. E. Smith, and M. D. Levitt.  1984.  Lactose malabsorption from yogurt, pasteurized yogurt, sweet acidophilus milk, and cultured milk in lactase-deficient individuals.  Amer. J. Clin. Nutr. 40:1219-1223.

Kim, G. S. and S. E. Gilliland.  1983. Lactobacillus acidophilus as a dietary adjunct for milk to aid lactose digestion in humans.  J. Dairy Sci. 66:959-966.

Newcomer, A. D., H. S. Park, P. C. O'Brien, and D. B. McGill.  1983.  Response of patients with irritable bowel syndrome and lactase deficiency using unfermented acidophilus milk.  Amer. J. Clin. Nutr. 38:257-263.

Payne, D. L., J.D. Welsh, C. V. Manion, A. Tsegaye, A, and L. D. Herd.  1981.  Effectiveness of milk products in dietary management of lactose malabsorption.  Amer. J. Clin. Nutr. 34:2711-2715.

Intestinal Health(Poster Abstracts)

Guerrero, M, M. Dohnalek, P. Newton, J. Calva, F. Tuz, F. Arteaga, T. Costigan, M. Hilty and G. Ruiz-Palacios. 1996.  Feeding of a probiotic for prevention of diarrhea in young children. Abstracts of the 1^st World Congress of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 15^th InterAmerican Congress of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Abstr. # C041.

Ruiz-Palacios, G., M. L. Guerrero, M. Hilty, M. Dohnalek, P. Newton, J. J. Calva, T. Costigan, F. Tuz and F. Arteaga. 1996. Feeding of a probiotic for the prevention of community-acquired diarrhea in young Mexican children.  Pediatric Research 39 (Part 2):104, Abstr. #1089.

Ruiz-Palacios, G., F. Tuz, F. Arteaga, M. L. Guerrero, M. Dohnalek, and M. Hilty. 1996. Tolerance and fecal colonization with Lactobacillus reuteri in children fed a beverage with a mixture of Lactobacillus ssp. Pediatric Res. 39 (Part 2):104, Abstract #1090.

Guerrero, M., M. Dohnalek, P. Newton, O. Kuznetsova, T. Murphy, J. Calva, M. Hilty, T. Costigan and G. Ruiz-Palacios. 1996. Effect of probiotic-containing beverages on incidence of diarrhea. Abstracts of the 1^st World Congress of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 15^th InterAmerican  Congress of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Abstr. # 610:45-2.

Prebiotic Utilization

Barrangou, R., E. Altermann, R. Hutkins, R. Cano, and T. R. Klaenhammer.  2003. Functional and comparative genomic analyses of an operon involved in fructooligosaccharide utilization by Lactobacillus acidophilus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 100:8957-8962.

Safety

Wagner, R., T. Warner, L. Robert, J. Farmer and E. Balish.  1997.  Colonization of congenitally immunodeficient mice with probiotic bacteria. Infect. Immun. 65:  3345-3351.

Selection, Survival and Stability

Azcarate-Peril, M.A., McAuliffe, O., Altermann, E., Lick, S., Russel, W.M. and Klaenhammer, T.R. 2005. Microarray analysis of two-component regulatory system involved in acid resistance and proteolytic activity in Lactobacillus acidophilus Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71:5794-5804.

Azcarate-Peril, M.A., Altermann, E., Hoover-Fitzula, R.L., Cano, R.J., and Klaenhammer, T.R. 2004. Identification and inactivation of genetic loci involved with Lactobacillus acidophilus acid tolerance. App. Environ. Microbiol. 70:5315-5322.

Varcoe J., C. Zook, J. Sui, S. Leighton, F. Busta and L. Brady. 2002. Variable response to exogenous Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM consumed in different delivery vehicles. J Appl Microbiol. 93:900-906.

Sui, J., S. Leighton, F. Busta and L. Brady. 2002. 16S ribosomal DNA analysis of the faecal lactobacilli composition of human subjects consuming a probiotic strain Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM. J Appl Microbiol. 93:907-912.

Kaplan, C. W., J. C. Astaire, M. E. Sanders, B. S. Reddy and C. L. Kitts. 2001. Terminal restriction fragment pattern analysis of changing bacterial assemblages in rat feces during ingestion of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM^®. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67:1935-1939.

Kaplan, Handan and R. W. Hutkins.  2000.  Fermentation of fructooligosaccharides by lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. Appl.  Environ. Microbiol.   66:2682-2684.

Iturriria-Laverty, K., P. S. Tong, and M. E. Sanders. 1999. Microbiological stability of probiotic and starter bacteria in commercial yogurt and cottage cheese.  J. Dairy Sci. 82 (Suppl. 1):6.  Abstract D23.

Crowell, D. C. 1998.  Microbial analysis of human intestinal flora after feeding Lactobacillus acidophilus.  M.S. Thesis, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh.

Sanders, M.E., D. C. Walker, K. M. Walker, K. Aoyama, and T. R. Klaenhammer.  1996.  Performance of commercial cultures in fluid milk applications.  J. Dairy Sci. 79:943-955.  (Strain LH1 = NCFM)

Hughes, D. B., and D. G. Hoover.  1995.  Viability and enzymatic activity of bifidobacteria in milk.  J. Dairy Sci. 78:268-276. 

Conway, P. L., S. L. Gorbach, and B. R. Goldin.  1987.  Survival of lactic acid bacteria in the human stomach and adhesion to intestinal cells.  J. Dairy Sci. 70:1-12.

Klaenhammer, T. R.  1982.  Microbiological considerations in the selection and preparation of Lactobacillus strains for use as dietary adjuncts.  J. Dairy Sci. 65:1339-1349.

Klaenhammer, T. R. and E. G. Kleeman.  1981.  Growth characteristics, bile sensitivity, and freeze damage in colonial variants of Lactobacillus acidophilus. Appl.  Environ. Microbiol. 41:1461-1467. 

Wright, C. T. and T. R. Klaenhammer.  1981.  Calcium-induced alteration of cellular morphology affecting the resistance of Lactobacillus acidophilus to freezing.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 41:807-815.

Gilliland, S. W., M. L. Speck, C. F. Nauyok, Jr., and F. G. Giesbrecht. 1978.  Influence of consuming nonfermented milk containing Lactobacillus acidophilus on fecal flora of healthy males.  J. Dairy Sci. 61:1-10.

Small Bowel Bacteria Overgrowth

Dunn, S. R., M. L. Simenhoff, K. E. Ahmed, W. J. Gaughan, B. O. Eltayeb, M.-E. D. Fitzpatrick, S. M. Emery, J. W. Ayres and K. E. Holt. 1998. Effect of oral administration of freeze-dried Lactobacillus acidophilus on small bowel bacterial overgrowth in patients with end stage kidney disease:  reducing uremic toxins and improving nutrition. Int. Dairy J. 8:545-553.

Simenhoff, M. L., S. R. Dunn, G. P. Zollner, M. E. D. Fitzpatrick, S. M. Emery, W. E. Sandine, and J. W. Ayres.  1996.  Biomodulation of the toxic and nutritional effects of small bowel bacterial overgrowth in end-stage kidney disease using freeze-dried Lactobacillus acidophilus.  Mineral and Electrolyte Metab. 22:92-96.  Strain LBA = NCFM

Simenhoff, M. L. and S. R. Dunn.  1996.  Altered gut flora in uremia. J. Renal Nutr. 6:68-74

Urogenital Applications

Reid, G. 2000. Investigation of the properties of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM^TM as a possible probiotic for the urogenital tract. International Dairy Journal Vol 10, Nos 5-6, pp. 415-419.

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