HOWARU® Dophilus - Lb. acidophilus NCFM®
Human clinical studies
NCFM, NCK56, NCK45, N2, RL8KR, RL8KS and RL8K are essentially identical strains, as indicated by identical chromosomal DNA fragment patterns. N2 was selected by Marschall Products from NCFM as a smooth, bile resistant colony. RL8KS was selected similarly in Dr. Todd Klaenhammer's laboratory from parent culture RL8K. NCK45 is a Klaenhammer laboratory designation for NCFM, and NCK56 is a Klaenhammer laboratory designation for NCFM/N2.
Gastrointestinal ecology
Engelbrektson AL, Korzenik JR, Pittler A, Sanders ME, Klaenhammer TR, Leyer G and CL Kitts. 2009. Probiotics to minimize the disruption of faecal microbiota in healthy subjects undergoing antibiotic therapy. J Med Microbiol 58: 663-670.
Engelbrektson AL, Korzenik JR, Sanders ME, Clement BG, Leyer G, Klaenhammer TR and Kitts CL. (2006). Analysis of treatment effects on the microbial ecology of the human intestine. FEMS Microbio Ecol 57:239-250.
Engelbrektson AL. 2005. Analysis of treatment effects on the microbial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract. PhD Thesis, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, USA.
Varcoe J, C Zook, J Sui, S Leighton, F Busta and L Brady. 2002. Variable response to exogenous Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM® consumed in different delivery vehicles. J Appl Microbiol 93:900-906.
Sui J, S Leighton, F Busta and L Brady. 2002. 16S ribosomal DNA analysis of the faecal lactobacilli composition of human subjects consuming a probiotic strain Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM®. J Appl Microbiol 93:907-912.
Crowell DC. 1998. Microbial analysis of human intestinal flora after feeding Lactobacillus acidophilus. M.S. Thesis, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh.
Gilliland SW, ML Speck, CF Nauyok, Jr and FG Giesbrecht. 1978. Influence of consuming nonfermented milk containing Lactobacillus acidophilus on fecal flora of healthy males. J Dairy Sci 61:1-10.
Gilliland SE, Speck ML, Morgan CG. Detection of Lactobacillus acidophilus in feces of humans, pigs, and chickens. Appl Microbiol 1975; 30(4):541-545.
Small Bowel Bacterial Overgrowth
Dunn SR, ML Simenhoff, KE Ahmed, WJ Gaughan, BO Eltayeb, MED Fitzpatrick, SM Emery, JW Ayres and KE Holt. 1998. Effect of oral administration of freeze-dried Lactobacillus acidophilus on small bowel bacterial overgrowth in patients with end-stage kidney disease: reducing uremic toxins and improving nutrition. Int Dairy J 8:545-553.
Simenhoff ML, SR Dunn, GP Zollner, MED Fitzpatrick, SM Emery, WE Sandine and JW Ayres. 1996. Biomodulation of the toxic and nutritional effects of small bowel bacterial overgrowth in end-stage kidney disease using freeze-dried Lactobacillus acidophilus. Mineral and Electrolyte Metab 22:92-96. Strain LBA = NCFM®.
Simenhoff ML and SR Dunn. 1996. Altered gut flora in uremia. J Renal Nutr 6:68-74.
[Abstract] Dunn SR, ML Simenhoff, ME Fitzpatrick, B Eltayeb, K Ahmed, S Emery, M Wrigley, JM Chow, D Ataya, and WJ Gaughan. 1998. Effects of orally administered L. acidophilus in reducing an endogenous uremic toxin (dimethylamine) and a carcinogen (nitrosodimethlamine) and improving nutritional status in a placebo controlled, double-blind, parallel study in 24 hemodialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 9:146-A.
Synbiotic
Ouwehand AC, Tiihonen K, Saarinen M, Putaala H and N Rautonen. 2009. Influence of a combination of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM® and lactitol on healthy elderly: intestinal and immune parameters. British Journal of Nutrition, 101:367-375.
Schrezenmeir J, et al. 2004. Benefits of oral supplementation with and without synbiotics in young children with acute bacterial infections. Clin Ped 43: 239-249.
Fisberg M, et al. 2002. Effect of oral nutritional supplementation with or without synbiotics and sickness and catch-up growth in preschool children. Int Pediatr 17(4):215-222.
Swanson KS, Grieshop CM, Flickinger EA, Bauer LL, Wolf BW, Chow J, et al. Fructooligosaccharides and Lactobacillus acidophilus modify bowel function and protein catabolites excreted by healthy humans. J Nutr 2002; 132(10):3042-3050.
Immune system enhancement
Paineau D, Carcano D, Leyer G, Darquy S, Alyanakian M-A, Simoneau G, Bergmann JF, Brassart D, Bornet F and AC Ouwehand. 2008. Effects of seven potential probiotic strains on specific immune responses in healthy adults: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. FEMS Immunol. Med Microbiol 53(1):107-13.
Allergy treatment
1. Ouwehand AC, Nermes M, Collado MC, Rautonen N, Salminen S and Isolauri E. 2009. Specific probiotics alleviate allergic rhinitis during the birch pollen season. World J Gastroenterol 15(26):3261-3268.
Anti-carcinogenic Activity
Goldin BR and SL Gorbach. 1984. The effect of milk and Lactobacillus feeding on human intestinal bacterial enzyme activity. Amer J Clin Nutr 39:756-761.
Goldin BR and SL Gorbach. 1984. The effect of oral administration of Lactobacillus and antibiotics on intestinal bacterial activity and chemical induction of large bowel tumors. Dev Indus Microbiol 25:139-150.
Goldin BR, L Swenson, J Dwyer, M Sexton and S Gorbach. 1980. Effect of diet and Lactobacillus acidophilus supplements on human fecal bacterial enzymes. J Natl Cancer Instit 64:255-261.
Cholesterol lowering
Thompson LU, DJA Jenkins, MAV Amer, R Reichert, A Jenking and J Kamulsky. 1982. The effect of fermented and unfermented milks on serum cholesterol. Amer J Clin Nutr 36:1106-1111.
Improved lactose digestion
Montes RG, TM Bayless, JM Saavedra and JA Perman. 1995. Effect of milks inoculated with Lactobacillus acidophilus or a yogurt starter culture in lactose maldigesting children. J Dairy Sci 78:1657-1664.
Lin M-Y, D Savaiano and S Harlander. 1991. Influence of nonfermented dairy products containing bacterial starter cultures on lactose maldigestion in humans. J Dairy Sci 74:87-95.
McDonough FE, AD Hitchins, NP Wong, P Wells and CE Bodwell. 1987. Modification of sweet acidophilus milk to improve utilization by lactose-intolerant persons. Am J Clin Nutr 45:570-574.
Savaiano DA, DAG Abou El Anouar, DE Smith and MD Levitt. 1984. Lactose malabsorption from yogurt, pasteurized yogurt, sweet acidophilus milk, and cultured milk in lactase-deficient individuals. Amer J Clin Nutr 40:1219-1223.
Newcomer AD, HS Park, PC O’Brien and DB McGill. 1983. Response of patients with irritable bowel syndrome and lactase deficiency using unfermented acidophilus milk. Amer J Clin Nutr 38:257-263.
Kim GS and SE Gilliland. 1983. Lactobacillus acidophilus as a dietary adjunct for milk to aid lactose digestion in humans. J Dairy Sci 66:959-966.
Payne DL, JD Welsh, CV Manion, A Tsegaye, A and LD Herd. 1981. Effectiveness of milk products in dietary management of lactose malabsorption. Amer J Clin Nutr 34:2711-2715.
General health
Leyer GJ, Li S, Mubasher ME, Reifer C, Ouwehand AC. 2009. Probiotic effects on cold and influenza-like symptom incidence and duration in children. Pediatrics 124:e172-e179.
Gastrointestinal Functionality - Diarrhea and Irritable Bowel Syndrome
[Abstract] Ringel Y, Palsson OS, Leyer G, Causey S, Yeskel SE, Faber SM and Ringel-Kulka T. 2008. Probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM® and Bifidobacterium lactis Bi-07 improve symptoms of bloating patients with functional bowel disorders (FBD). Gastroenterology 134(4 Suppl. 1): A549.
[Abstract] Guerrero M, M Dohnalek, P Newton, J Calva, F Tuz, F Arteaga, T Costigan, M Hilty and G Ruiz-Palacios. 1996. Feeding of a probiotic for prevention of diarrhea in young children. Abstracts of the 1st World Congress of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 15th InterAmerican Congress of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Abstract #C041.
[Abstract] Ruiz-Palacios G, ML Guerrero, M Hilty, M Dohnalek, P Newton, JJ Calva, T Costigan, F Tuz and F Arteaga. 1996. Feeding of a probiotic for the prevention of community-acquired diarrhea in young Mexican children. Pediatric Research 39 (Part 2):104, Abstract #1089.
[Abstract] Ruiz-Palacios G, F Tuz, F Arteaga, ML Guerrero, M Dohnalek and M Hilty. 1996. Tolerance and fecal colonization with Lactobacillus reuteri in children fed a beverage with a mixture of Lactobacillus ssp. Pediatric Research 39 (Part 2):104, Abstract #1090.
[Abstract] Guerrero M, M Dohnalek, P Newton, O Kuznetsova, T Murphy, J Calva, M Hilty, T Costigan and G Ruiz-Palacios. 1996. Effect of probiotic-containing beverages on incidence of diarrhea. Abstracts of the 1st World Congress of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 15th InterAmerican Congress of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Abstract #610:45-2.
Heiser CR, Ernst JA, Barrett JT, French N, Schutz M and MP Dube. 2004. Probiotics, soluble fiber, and L-Glutamine (GLN) reduce nelfinavir (NFV) – or lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r)-related diarrhea. J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care (Chic Ill ) 3(4):121-129.
Faber S, Rigden S, Lukaczer D. The use of probiotics in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: two case reports. Altern Ther Health Med 2005; 11(4):60-62.
Faber SM. 2003. Are probiotics usefull in irritable bowel syndrome? J Clin Gastroenterol 37:93-94.
[Abstract] Faber SM. 2003. Comparison of probiotics with antibiotics to probiotics alone in treatment of diarrhea predominant IBS (D-IBS), alternating (A-IBS) and constipation (C-IBS) patients. Gastroenterology 124(4): A687-A688.
[Abstract] Faber SM. 2000. Treatment of abnormal gut flora improves symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 95(9):2533.
Reviews - General
Ouwehand AC, Lahtinen SJ. 2009. Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM®. In: Handbook of probiotics and prebiotics. Wiley & Sons, New Jersey. Edited by Lee Y-K, Salminen SJ. 2nd edition pp 417-419.
Philipp S, Ouwehand AC. Overview of prophylactic studies on probiotics. Reduction of incidence and duration of disease. NutraFoods 2008; 7(2/3):45-50.
Donaldson MS. 2004. Nutrition and Cancer: A review of the evidence for an anti-cancer diet. Nutr J 3(19):1-21.
Brassart D. 2003. Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM®: Functional properties of a unique probiotic strain. IDF Seminar on Aroma and Texture of Fermented Milk, Kolding, Denmark (06/2002). International Dairy Federation special issue. n° 1:36-143.
Klaenhammer T, E Altermann, F Arigoni, A Bolotin, F Breidt, J Broadbent, R Cano, S Chaillou, J Deutscher, M Gasson, M van de Guchte, J Guzzo, A Hartke, T Hawkins, P Hols, R Hutkins, M Kleerebezem, J Kok, O Kuipers, M Lubbers, E Maguin, L McKay, D Mills, A Nauta, R Overbeek, H Pel, D Pridmore, M Saier, D van Sinderen, A Sorokin, J Steele, D O’Sullivan, W de Vos, B Weimer, M Zagorec and R Siezen. 2002. Discovering lactic acid bacteria by genomics. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 82: 59-71.
Sanders ME and TR Klaenhammer. 2001. The scientific basis of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM® functionality as a probiotic. J Dairy Sci 84:319-331.
Reid G. 1999. The scientific basis for probiotic strains of Lactobacillus. Appl Environ Microbiol 65:3763-3766.
Klaenhammer TR, MJ Kullen. 1999. Selection and design of probiotics. Intl J Food Micro 50:45-57.
Klaenhammer TR 1998. Functional activities of Lactobacillus probiotics: Genetic mandate. Int Dairy J 8:497-505.
Schauss AG. 1990. Lactobacillus acidophilus: method of action, clinical application, and toxicity data. J Adv Med 3:163-178.
Klaenhammer TR. 1982. Microbiological considerations in the selection and preparation of Lactobacillus strains for use as dietary adjuncts. J Dairy Sci 65:1339-1349.
Reviews - Product Functionality
Sanders ME, DC Walker, KM Walker, K Aoyama and TR Klaenhammer. 1996. Performance of commercial cultures in fluid milk applications. J Dairy Sci 79:943-955. (Strain LH1 = NCFM®).
Iturriria-Laverty K, PS Tong and ME Sanders. 1999. Microbiological stability of probiotic and starter bacteria in commercial yogurt and cottage cheese. J Dairy Sci 82 (Suppl. 1):6. Abstract D23.
Jenkins JK and Courtney PD. 2003. Lactobacillus growth and membrane composition in the presence of linoleic or conjugated linoleic acid. Can J Microbiol 49: 51-57.
Lee KW, Baick SC, Chung WH and Kim HW. 2003. Structural observation of microencapsulated Lactobacillus acidophilus by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Food Sci Biotechnol 12(1):13-17.
Ding WK, Shah NP. 2007. Acid, bile, and heat tolerance of free and microencapsulated probiotic bacteria. J Food Sci 2007; 72(9):M446-M450.
Ding WK, Shah NP. 2009. Effect of various encapsulating materials on the stability of probiotic bacteria. J Food Sc 73(7):M360-M367.
Ding WK, Shah NP. 2009 An Improved Method of Microencapsulation of Probiotic Bacteria for Their Stability in Acidic and Bile Conditions during Storage. J Food Sci.
R Sreekumar, Z Al-Attabi, HC Deeth and MS Turner. 2009. Volatile sulfur compounds produced by probiotic bacteria in the presence of cysteine or methionine. Lett Appl Microbiol 48:777-782.
Azcarate-Peril MA, Tallon R, Klaenhammer TR. 2009. Temporal gene expression and probiotic attributes of Lactobacillus acidophilus during growth in milk. J Dairy Sci 92:870-886.
M Liu, A Nauta, C Francke and RJ Siezen. 2008. Comparative Genomics of Enzymes in Flavor-Forming Pathways from Amino Acids in Lactic Acid Bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 74:4590-4600.
CE Trahan. 2008. Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM® Survival in Acidified Yogurts. MSc thesis, North-Carolina State University.
Information contained in this publication is based on Danisco's own research and development work and is to the best of Danisco's knowledge reliable. Users should, however, always conduct their own tests to determine the suitability for their own specific uses. Statements contained in this publication shall not be considered as a warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. Danisco disclaims any liability for the infringement of any patents. Danisco's handling and storage instructions must be followed. Legislation regarding the use of the product may vary from country to country. The customer/user is responsible for ensuring compliance with local legislation and for obtaining all necessary certificates and authorizations. Copyright © 2004 Danisco. All rights reserved.
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